Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren bezüglich interpersonaler Gewalt im Spitzensport in Deutschland

As the field of research on interpersonal violence (IV) in sport is growing, many studies have delivered especially prevalence rates for IV experiences in various countries and under different circumstances. Within many of these studies, risk factors have been extracted, but a systematic compilation of risk factors in elite sport is still missing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to collect and systematize risk factors for IV especially in elite sport in Germany. The Socio-Ecological Model of Bronfenbrenner served as a basis for structuring the risk factors on different levels. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using several scientific databases. Furthermore, previously unpublished data from large scale German project on IV were re-analysed in order to add more knowledge and details. The analysis shows that risk factors for IV can be found on every level of the Bronfenbrenner Model – from the outer chronosystem and macrosystem down to the individual level. Furthermore, the compilation shows that risk factors on different levels are partly connected, and particularly risk factors on the inner levels are often results of risk factors on outer levels of the models. The results implicate that safeguarding measures against IV in sport should be installed on every level of the sport system – beginning with the general community and the big sport federations down to small clubs and even single coaches or administrative staff in the sport system. Only if all different levels are working together, an effective safeguarding of athletes from IV can be achieved.