TY - BOOK
T1 - Impulsivity and its biomarkers
T2 - A focus on the tryptophan pathways and the moderating effects of physical exercise
AU - Javelle, Florian
N1 - Kumulative Dissertation
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Impulsivity represents a complex multidimensional psychological construct that is difficult to accurately conceptualise, affects many facets of daily life, and is accepted as a transdiagnostic risk factor for a broad range of psychopathologies. Considering the robust ties existing between emotion-related impulsivity, psychopathologies, and problematic behaviours (e.g., pathological gambling, drug use, aggression, and suicide), a growing body of research has focused on the distinction between emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity.Multiple physiological, genetic, and imaging studies suggest a neurobiological basis concordant to the psychological construct of impulsivity. Although several biological markers of impulsivity (e.g., systemic levels of serotonin, monoaminergic polymorphisms, markers of cortical activity, peripheral inflammation, and circulating levels of tryptophan) have been found, the neurobiology of this construct is still not fully understood. Moreover, few attempts have been made to combine comprehensive approaches that include psychological and biological markers. Therefore, this PhD thesis considers emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity from psychological, genetic, physiological, and electrophysiological perspectives in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of these impulsivity dimensions. Once the predictors and mediators of impulsivity have been understood, measures to reduce impulsivity in individuals can be developed and evaluated. Physical exercise has been shown to modulate several neurobiological markers of impulsivity including peripheral inflammation and the tryptophan pathways. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that physical exercise may have an effect on impulsivity itself. This hypothesis has been confirmed in seminal research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder showing that physical exercise training significantly reduces the impulsivity levels of participants. Thus, this thesis also examines the effect of exercise on physiological markers of impulsivity while differentiating between its emotion-related and non-emotion-related forms. Three articles were included in the core of this thesis and one additional article was used for introductory purposes. The first article presents the validation of the German version of the Three-Factor Impulsivity index examining emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity as well as seminal links between physical exercise and impulsivity (see Article 2). The second article used an endophenotypic approach to describe impulsivity based on the polymorphisms of genes involved in serotonin neurotransmission and markers of cortical activity (see Article 3). Finally, in the third article, the effects of an exercise intervention study on psychological and physiological markers of impulsivity in highly emotionally impulsive individuals were investigated (see Article 4).The results of this thesis show that emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity are likely to rely on slightly different biological mechanisms. Most of the biological markers of impulsivity tested in this thesis were, actually, related to emotion-related impulsivity (i.e., serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region, monoamine oxidase A, prefrontal alpha asymmetry, individual alpha peak frequency, tryptophan levels, and kynurenic acid/kynurenine). Furthermore, it appears that the tendencies to engage in regrettable behaviours in response to emotions might rely more on the assessed serotonergic markers while cognitive and motivational responses to emotions might be more related to changes in the kynurenine pathway. Finally, the results of this thesis suggest that exercise is a very promising technique to decrease the levels of physiological impulsivity markers. High-intensity interval training in particular shows the most favourable results, decreasing a broad range of impulsivity biomarkers and all forms of impulsivity. These results are very encouraging and motivate the development of further studies to transfer this research approach to clinical samples.
AB - Impulsivity represents a complex multidimensional psychological construct that is difficult to accurately conceptualise, affects many facets of daily life, and is accepted as a transdiagnostic risk factor for a broad range of psychopathologies. Considering the robust ties existing between emotion-related impulsivity, psychopathologies, and problematic behaviours (e.g., pathological gambling, drug use, aggression, and suicide), a growing body of research has focused on the distinction between emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity.Multiple physiological, genetic, and imaging studies suggest a neurobiological basis concordant to the psychological construct of impulsivity. Although several biological markers of impulsivity (e.g., systemic levels of serotonin, monoaminergic polymorphisms, markers of cortical activity, peripheral inflammation, and circulating levels of tryptophan) have been found, the neurobiology of this construct is still not fully understood. Moreover, few attempts have been made to combine comprehensive approaches that include psychological and biological markers. Therefore, this PhD thesis considers emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity from psychological, genetic, physiological, and electrophysiological perspectives in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of these impulsivity dimensions. Once the predictors and mediators of impulsivity have been understood, measures to reduce impulsivity in individuals can be developed and evaluated. Physical exercise has been shown to modulate several neurobiological markers of impulsivity including peripheral inflammation and the tryptophan pathways. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that physical exercise may have an effect on impulsivity itself. This hypothesis has been confirmed in seminal research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder showing that physical exercise training significantly reduces the impulsivity levels of participants. Thus, this thesis also examines the effect of exercise on physiological markers of impulsivity while differentiating between its emotion-related and non-emotion-related forms. Three articles were included in the core of this thesis and one additional article was used for introductory purposes. The first article presents the validation of the German version of the Three-Factor Impulsivity index examining emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity as well as seminal links between physical exercise and impulsivity (see Article 2). The second article used an endophenotypic approach to describe impulsivity based on the polymorphisms of genes involved in serotonin neurotransmission and markers of cortical activity (see Article 3). Finally, in the third article, the effects of an exercise intervention study on psychological and physiological markers of impulsivity in highly emotionally impulsive individuals were investigated (see Article 4).The results of this thesis show that emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity are likely to rely on slightly different biological mechanisms. Most of the biological markers of impulsivity tested in this thesis were, actually, related to emotion-related impulsivity (i.e., serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region, monoamine oxidase A, prefrontal alpha asymmetry, individual alpha peak frequency, tryptophan levels, and kynurenic acid/kynurenine). Furthermore, it appears that the tendencies to engage in regrettable behaviours in response to emotions might rely more on the assessed serotonergic markers while cognitive and motivational responses to emotions might be more related to changes in the kynurenine pathway. Finally, the results of this thesis suggest that exercise is a very promising technique to decrease the levels of physiological impulsivity markers. High-intensity interval training in particular shows the most favourable results, decreasing a broad range of impulsivity biomarkers and all forms of impulsivity. These results are very encouraging and motivate the development of further studies to transfer this research approach to clinical samples.
M3 - Dissertations
BT - Impulsivity and its biomarkers
PB - Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
CY - Köln
ER -