TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigations into the concentration and metabolite profiles of stanozolol and LGD-4033 in blood plasma and seminal fluid using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry
AU - Breuer, Johanna
AU - Thomas, Andreas
AU - Delahaut, Philippe
AU - Schänzer, Wilhelm
AU - Geyer, Hans
AU - Thevis, Mario
N1 - © 2022. The Author(s).
PY - 2022/11/28
Y1 - 2022/11/28
N2 - Potential scenarios as to the origin of minute amounts of banned substances detected in doping control samples have been a much-discussed problem in anti-doping analysis in recent years. One such debated scenario has been the contamination of female athletes’ urine with ejaculate containing doping agents and/or their metabolites. The aim of this work was to obtain complementary information on whether relevant concentration ranges of doping substances are excreted into the ejaculate and which metabolites can be detected in the seminal fluid (sf) and corresponding blood plasma (bp) samples. A method was established to study the concentration and metabolite profiles of stanozolol and LGD-4033—substances listed under anabolic substances (S1) on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s Prohibited List—in bp and sf using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). For sf and bp, methods for detecting minute amounts of these substances were developed and tested for specificity, recovery, linearity, precision, and reliability. Subsequently, sf and bp samples from an animal administration study, where a boar orally received stanozolol at 0.33 mg/kg and LGD-4033 at 0.11 mg/kg, were measured. The developed assays proved appropriate for the detection of the target substances in both matrices with detection limits between 10 and 40 pg/mL for the unmetabolized drugs in sf and bp, allowing to estimate the concentration of stanozolol in bp (0.02–0.40 ng/mL) and in sf (0.01–0.25 ng/mL) as well as of LGD-4033 in bp (0.21–2.00 ng/mL) and in sf (0.03–0.68 ng/mL) post-administration. In addition, metabolites resulting from different metabolic pathways were identified in sf and bp, with sf resembling a composite of the metabolic profile of bp and urine.
AB - Potential scenarios as to the origin of minute amounts of banned substances detected in doping control samples have been a much-discussed problem in anti-doping analysis in recent years. One such debated scenario has been the contamination of female athletes’ urine with ejaculate containing doping agents and/or their metabolites. The aim of this work was to obtain complementary information on whether relevant concentration ranges of doping substances are excreted into the ejaculate and which metabolites can be detected in the seminal fluid (sf) and corresponding blood plasma (bp) samples. A method was established to study the concentration and metabolite profiles of stanozolol and LGD-4033—substances listed under anabolic substances (S1) on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s Prohibited List—in bp and sf using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). For sf and bp, methods for detecting minute amounts of these substances were developed and tested for specificity, recovery, linearity, precision, and reliability. Subsequently, sf and bp samples from an animal administration study, where a boar orally received stanozolol at 0.33 mg/kg and LGD-4033 at 0.11 mg/kg, were measured. The developed assays proved appropriate for the detection of the target substances in both matrices with detection limits between 10 and 40 pg/mL for the unmetabolized drugs in sf and bp, allowing to estimate the concentration of stanozolol in bp (0.02–0.40 ng/mL) and in sf (0.01–0.25 ng/mL) as well as of LGD-4033 in bp (0.21–2.00 ng/mL) and in sf (0.03–0.68 ng/mL) post-administration. In addition, metabolites resulting from different metabolic pathways were identified in sf and bp, with sf resembling a composite of the metabolic profile of bp and urine.
KW - Anabolic Agents
KW - Animals
KW - Chromatography, Liquid/methods
KW - Doping in Sports
KW - Female
KW - Male
KW - Plasma/chemistry
KW - Reproducibility of Results
KW - Stanozolol/metabolism
KW - Substance Abuse Detection/methods
KW - Swine
KW - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-022-04456-y
U2 - 10.1007/s00216-022-04456-y
DO - 10.1007/s00216-022-04456-y
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 36441233
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 415
SP - 669
EP - 681
JO - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
IS - 4
ER -