TY - CHAP
T1 - Sex- and discipline-specific differences in semi-tethered load-velocity profiles of national- and international-level swimmers
AU - Keller, Sebastian
AU - Wahl, Patrick
N1 - Conference code: 26
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - IntroductionLoad-velocity profiles allow swim-specific neuromuscular testing based on theoretical max-imal load (L0), speed (v0), and slope of the regression line (Slv). For example, more strength-oriented whole-body profiles (lower v0, higher L0) were observed in butterfly (Gonjo et al., 2020) compared to front crawl swimmers (Olstad et al., 2020). Since front crawl pro-files can be decomposed into lower- and upper-body movement, we examined sex and dis-cipline differences in lower-, upper-, and whole-body profiles to drive individualization in swimming.Methods21 (inter-)national-level swimmers (12 men vs. 9 women or 13 short- vs. 8 middle-distance) performed 5 front crawl sprints (~20 m) with increasing loads using lower-, upper, and whole-body movement in randomized order. The load increased from 1 kg by 0.5 kg for lower-, by 1 and 0.5 kg for upper-, and by 2 and 1 kg for whole-body movement, for men and women, respectively, with speed recorded at 333 Hz. From the linear regression of load and speed, v0 (y-intercept), L0 (x-intercept), and Slv (-v0/L0) were calculated and com-pared (Welch test).ResultsMen and women differed largely (Cohen’s effect size ≥ 0.8) for v0 in upper- (1.57 ± 0.06 vs. 1.36 ± 0.08 m∙s-1, DiscussionUnlike overall large sex differences, short- and middle-distance swimmers differed only in L0 and Slv in lower- and whole-body movement. While higher L0 in short-distance swimmers might be due to higher maximal strength, also related to sprint performance, lower Slv in middle-distance swimmers might be related to their technical efficiency, minimizing drag.ReferencesOlstad, B. H., Gonjo, T., Njøs, N., Abächerli, K., & Eriksrud, O. (2020). Reliability of Load-Velocity Profiling in Front Crawl Swimming. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 574306.Gonjo, T., Eriksrud, O., Papoutsis, F., & Olstad, B. H. (2020). Relationships between a Load-velocity Profile and Sprint Performance in Butterfly Swimming. International journal of sports medicine, 41(7), 461–467.
AB - IntroductionLoad-velocity profiles allow swim-specific neuromuscular testing based on theoretical max-imal load (L0), speed (v0), and slope of the regression line (Slv). For example, more strength-oriented whole-body profiles (lower v0, higher L0) were observed in butterfly (Gonjo et al., 2020) compared to front crawl swimmers (Olstad et al., 2020). Since front crawl pro-files can be decomposed into lower- and upper-body movement, we examined sex and dis-cipline differences in lower-, upper-, and whole-body profiles to drive individualization in swimming.Methods21 (inter-)national-level swimmers (12 men vs. 9 women or 13 short- vs. 8 middle-distance) performed 5 front crawl sprints (~20 m) with increasing loads using lower-, upper, and whole-body movement in randomized order. The load increased from 1 kg by 0.5 kg for lower-, by 1 and 0.5 kg for upper-, and by 2 and 1 kg for whole-body movement, for men and women, respectively, with speed recorded at 333 Hz. From the linear regression of load and speed, v0 (y-intercept), L0 (x-intercept), and Slv (-v0/L0) were calculated and com-pared (Welch test).ResultsMen and women differed largely (Cohen’s effect size ≥ 0.8) for v0 in upper- (1.57 ± 0.06 vs. 1.36 ± 0.08 m∙s-1, DiscussionUnlike overall large sex differences, short- and middle-distance swimmers differed only in L0 and Slv in lower- and whole-body movement. While higher L0 in short-distance swimmers might be due to higher maximal strength, also related to sprint performance, lower Slv in middle-distance swimmers might be related to their technical efficiency, minimizing drag.ReferencesOlstad, B. H., Gonjo, T., Njøs, N., Abächerli, K., & Eriksrud, O. (2020). Reliability of Load-Velocity Profiling in Front Crawl Swimming. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 574306.Gonjo, T., Eriksrud, O., Papoutsis, F., & Olstad, B. H. (2020). Relationships between a Load-velocity Profile and Sprint Performance in Butterfly Swimming. International journal of sports medicine, 41(7), 461–467.
M3 - Conference contribution - Published abstract for conference with selection process
SN - 9783880207134
VL - 301
T3 - Schriften der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft
SP - 241
BT - Leistung steuern. Gesundheit stärken. Entwicklung fördern
A2 - Schlesinger, Torsten
A2 - Grimmiger-Seidensticker, Elke
A2 - Ferrauti, Alexander
A2 - Kellmann, Michael
A2 - Thiel, Christian
A2 - Kullik, Lisa
CY - Hamburg
T2 - Sportwissenschaftlticher Hochschultag der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (dvs): Leistung steuern. Gesundheit stärken. Entwicklung fördern.
Y2 - 20 September 2023 through 22 September 2023
ER -