Evaluation der Wirksamkeit verschiedener Bewegungsinterventionen bei Prostatakrebspatienten

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Abstract

Background:
Prostate cancer remains the most common cancer in men in Germany, with a steady
rate of new cases in 2018 and 2019 (Robert Koch Institut, 2022; Robert Koch Institut,
2021). Diagnosis is performed using a variety of methods, and biopsy allows accurate
staging. Medical therapies offer comprehensive benefits for prostate cancer patients,
but are also associated with some side effects, such as urinary incontinence, sexual
dysfunction, metabolic and musculoskeletal changes, and vascular, psychiatric, and
neurological disorders. The current state of research demonstrates the great potential
of exercise interventions to treat these side effects. Nevertheless, it is still unclear what
the ideal exercise management of pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) is, what the
evidence is for exercise interventions to improve sexual dysfunction, what the lasting
effects are of comprehensive exercise interventions in androgen deprivation therapy
(ADT), and whether peripheral neuropathy (PNP), genital organ sensory symptoms,
sexual dysfunction and physical activity are related in patients undergoing
chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Methods:
This work involves conducting a systematic literature search of studies on the
effectiveness of PFME on urinary incontinence in prostate cancer patients in relevant
databases, which was supplemented by a meta-analysis. In addition, a systematic
review of exercise studies on the effects on sexual dysfunction was conducted. This
work also includes a study protocol reflecting the design of a study measuring
sustained effects of a one-year supervised exercise intervention with patients on ADT.
Complementarily, a survey of patients with PNP allowed the acquisition of preliminary
data on a possible existence of sensory symptoms on the genital organs and on the
association with PNP, sexual dysfunction and physical activity.
Results:
The meta-analysis on urinary incontinence shows the relevance of supervision, as nonsupervised
PFME has the same effect as no PFME. In addition, higher volume
optimizes the exercise effect. For the improvement of urinary incontinence in the initial
phase, biofeedback support is complementary. The results of the systematic review
suggest the first trend that biofeedback-assisted PFME may also be useful for
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improving sexual dysfunction after prostatectomy. In addition, it suggests the
effectiveness of resistance and aerobic exercise in improving ADT-related sexual
dysfunction. Further randomized controlled trials with optimized methodology need to
follow to substantiate this. The study protocol indicates that the Burgdorf study is the
first study to collect data on the effectiveness of the exercise intervention up to one
year after the end of the intervention and thus will be able to provide information on the
lasting effects for the first time. The initial data collection on possible sensitive
symptoms on the genital organs in PNP suggests that these may exist in patients
undergoing chemotherapy and immunotherapy and may be related to PNP, especially
in sexually inactive women, but probably not to sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion:
This work evaluates the efficacy of postoperative PFME on urinary incontinence as
good. The apparently good effect of PFME on sexual dysfunction after prostatectomy
as well as resistance and aerobic exercise under ADT, need to be confirmed by further
studies. Supervision and biofeedback are very relevant for direct or indirect
improvement of side effects. This work also shows that no conclusion on the sustained
exercise effects in ADT and in PNP patients with possible sensory symptoms on the
genital organs can be made so far and comprehensive studies are needed. In addition,
further studies with exercise interventions alone and in combination with other
supportive therapies and as a digital intervention are relevant, especially to evaluate
efficacy on sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Care must be provided to all
urinary incontinent patients with PFME, which requires sufficiently competent
personnel and digital services. Further research offers the potential of advancements
in care structures both prostate cancer specific and across entities.
Original languageGerman
Place of PublicationKöln
PublisherDeutsche Sporthochschule Köln
Number of pages117
Publication statusPublished - 2024

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