Longitudinal arch deformation during running and jumping: effects of heavy resistance toe-plantarflexor strength training

Publication: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution - Published abstract for conference with selection processResearchpeer-review

Abstract

Purpose: 1. Description of the longitudinal arch deformation while running and jumping.
2. To study the possibility to manipulate the deformation with heavy resistance strength training of toe-plantarflexor muscles.
Methods: 28 male sport students with untrained toe-plantarflexor muscles were randomly separated into two groups: the experimental group (EG, n = 15; 24 ± 4 years; 77 ± 9 kg; 185 ± 7 cm) and the control group (CG, n = 13; 26 ± 2 years; 77 ± 5 kg; 181 ± 6 cm). Participants of the EG executed a seven-week long isometric strength training (4/week, 4 x 5 repetitions, 3-3 s contraction-relaxation, 90 % maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), break 3 min). Longitudinal arch deformation was measured by using a 3D-movement analysis PRAE and POST intervention while running, long and high jumping. Three markers were positioned onto the foot (Os calcaneus, Tuberositas Os naviculare, Caput Os metatarsale I) to analyse the angular change of the MLA. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used to identify significant effects between the measurements before and after training (Bonferroni post-hoc test) (MatLab 8.5.0 and SPSS 19).
Results: Further studies figured out that metatarsophalangeal joint plantar flexion moments significantly increased by 60–70% in EG. During jumping, the deformation was significantly larger compared to running (Range of Motion: running 19,2° ± 3,5° to Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) 24,2° ± 5,2° and to Standing Long Jump (SLJ) 25,1° ± 5,4°, each p = 0,000; re-erection: running 10,8° ± 3,0°; to CMJ 14,9° ± 3,5°, to SLJ 15,3° ± 3,7°, each p = 0,000); strength training did not influence arch deformation.
Conclusion(s): The large deformation while re-erection was a result of more energy-storing and -release in muscle-tendon-unit and passive structures (ligaments, fascia, etc.) of the foot while jumping. POST intervention higher torsional moments were generated; this should have led to a larger deformation, which was probably prevented by increased muscle power.
Implications: If increased muscle power led to a stiffer foot, the intrinsic muscles could discharge passive structures while flattening. This could be interesting for patients with Plantar Fasciitis or flattening MLA.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationAbstracts and presentations of World Confederation for Physical Therapy Congress
Number of pages1
Publication date03.07.2017
Publication statusPublished - 03.07.2017
EventWorld Confederation for Physical Therapy Congress - Cape Town, South Africa
Duration: 02.07.201704.07.2017
Conference number: 2017

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