Abstract
Introduction
Load-velocity profiles allow swim-specific neuromuscular testing based on theoretical max-imal load (L0), speed (v0), and slope of the regression line (Slv). For example, more strength-oriented whole-body profiles (lower v0, higher L0) were observed in butterfly (Gonjo et al., 2020) compared to front crawl swimmers (Olstad et al., 2020). Since front crawl pro-files can be decomposed into lower- and upper-body movement, we examined sex and dis-cipline differences in lower-, upper-, and whole-body profiles to drive individualization in swimming.
Methods
21 (inter-)national-level swimmers (12 men vs. 9 women or 13 short- vs. 8 middle-distance) performed 5 front crawl sprints (~20 m) with increasing loads using lower-, upper, and whole-body movement in randomized order. The load increased from 1 kg by 0.5 kg for lower-, by 1 and 0.5 kg for upper-, and by 2 and 1 kg for whole-body movement, for men and women, respectively, with speed recorded at 333 Hz. From the linear regression of load and speed, v0 (y-intercept), L0 (x-intercept), and Slv (-v0/L0) were calculated and com-pared (Welch test).
Results
Men and women differed largely (Cohen’s effect size ≥ 0.8) for v0 in upper- (1.57 ± 0.06 vs. 1.36 ± 0.08 m∙s-1, Discussion
Unlike overall large sex differences, short- and middle-distance swimmers differed only in L0 and Slv in lower- and whole-body movement. While higher L0 in short-distance swimmers might be due to higher maximal strength, also related to sprint performance, lower Slv in middle-distance swimmers might be related to their technical efficiency, minimizing drag.
References
Olstad, B. H., Gonjo, T., Njøs, N., Abächerli, K., & Eriksrud, O. (2020). Reliability of Load-Velocity Profiling in Front Crawl Swimming. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 574306.
Gonjo, T., Eriksrud, O., Papoutsis, F., & Olstad, B. H. (2020). Relationships between a Load-velocity Profile and Sprint Performance in Butterfly Swimming. International journal of sports medicine, 41(7), 461–467.
Load-velocity profiles allow swim-specific neuromuscular testing based on theoretical max-imal load (L0), speed (v0), and slope of the regression line (Slv). For example, more strength-oriented whole-body profiles (lower v0, higher L0) were observed in butterfly (Gonjo et al., 2020) compared to front crawl swimmers (Olstad et al., 2020). Since front crawl pro-files can be decomposed into lower- and upper-body movement, we examined sex and dis-cipline differences in lower-, upper-, and whole-body profiles to drive individualization in swimming.
Methods
21 (inter-)national-level swimmers (12 men vs. 9 women or 13 short- vs. 8 middle-distance) performed 5 front crawl sprints (~20 m) with increasing loads using lower-, upper, and whole-body movement in randomized order. The load increased from 1 kg by 0.5 kg for lower-, by 1 and 0.5 kg for upper-, and by 2 and 1 kg for whole-body movement, for men and women, respectively, with speed recorded at 333 Hz. From the linear regression of load and speed, v0 (y-intercept), L0 (x-intercept), and Slv (-v0/L0) were calculated and com-pared (Welch test).
Results
Men and women differed largely (Cohen’s effect size ≥ 0.8) for v0 in upper- (1.57 ± 0.06 vs. 1.36 ± 0.08 m∙s-1, Discussion
Unlike overall large sex differences, short- and middle-distance swimmers differed only in L0 and Slv in lower- and whole-body movement. While higher L0 in short-distance swimmers might be due to higher maximal strength, also related to sprint performance, lower Slv in middle-distance swimmers might be related to their technical efficiency, minimizing drag.
References
Olstad, B. H., Gonjo, T., Njøs, N., Abächerli, K., & Eriksrud, O. (2020). Reliability of Load-Velocity Profiling in Front Crawl Swimming. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 574306.
Gonjo, T., Eriksrud, O., Papoutsis, F., & Olstad, B. H. (2020). Relationships between a Load-velocity Profile and Sprint Performance in Butterfly Swimming. International journal of sports medicine, 41(7), 461–467.
| Translated title of the contribution | Geschlechts- und disziplinspezifische Unterschiede in den Last-Geschwindigkeits-Profilen von Schwimmer*innen auf nationalem und internationalem Niveau |
|---|---|
| Original language | English |
| Title of host publication | Leistung steuern. Gesundheit stärken. Entwicklung fördern : 26. dvs-Hochschultag, Bochum, 20.–22. September 2023 : Abstracts |
| Editors | Torsten Schlesinger, Elke Grimmiger-Seidensticker, Alexander Ferrauti, Michael Kellmann, Christian Thiel, Lisa Kullik |
| Number of pages | 1 |
| Volume | 301 |
| Place of Publication | Hamburg |
| Publication date | 2023 |
| Pages | 241 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9783880207134 |
| Publication status | Published - 2023 |
| Event | Sportwissenschaftlticher Hochschultag der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (dvs): Leistung steuern. Gesundheit stärken. Entwicklung fördern. - Bochum Duration: 20.09.2023 → 22.09.2023 Conference number: 26 |