Subjektive Gesundheitskompetenz von Langzeitarbeitslosen – eine qualitative Studie

Background
Unemployment has a variety of negative effects on health, which is why the long-term unemployed are considered, in particular, to be a vulnerable and socially disadvantaged group with regard to health. In general, the promotion of health literacy has become a central objective of prevention and health promotion. In addition to quantitative data, further qualitative studies are of interest with regard to vulnerable, disadvantaged groups and e.g. for the development of target group-specific measures. To this end, this qualitative study collects descriptions of the subjective health literacy of long-term unemployed.

Methods
Based on the integrated model of health literacy, 9 semi-structured, guideline-based interviews were conducted in a health and employment promotion institution (4 women, 5 men; age: 55 ± 9 years). The analysis was carried out according to the method of structuring content analysis.

Results
While the interviewees reported multiple sources for “accessing health information” (medical-health-related field, social environment, media), difficulties are seen in “understanding” and “appraising”. With regard to “applying health information”, implementation problems or lack of implementation strategies were named.

Conclusions
While a variety of health-related sources are used by the target group, the focus of health literacy promotion measures should be on the topics of understanding and appraising health information. The provision of strategies for applying health-promoting behaviours is particularly relevant. Strengthening social networks should also be focused on to link employment and health promotion.