Typ-2 Diabetes mellitus, körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Kognition: Einfluss von Exergaming als innovative Trainingsform

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a serious disease with increasing prevalence worldwide.
Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing cognitive
impairment. T2DM is highly associated with physical inactivity. Numerous studies have
demonstrated that physical activity positively affects both physical and cognitive
performance. In the field of sports therapy, many researchers were focused on the
influence of gaming consoles (exergaming) on T2DM in recent years. Study 1: Part of
this work represents a systematic mini-review of the effects of regular exergaming in
patients who have components of metabolic syndrome. It shows that improvement can
be achieved in several variables such as body mass index, body fat, and long-term blood
glucose and lipid levels as well as blood pressure. Study 2: In the second part of the
present work, a comparative study was performed to evaluate the effects of 30 minutes
of submaximal cycling with exergaming training at the same duration and the same rating
of perceived exertion (BORG RPE: 14-15) on serum neurotrophic factors such as brainderived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and
insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-1 in 8 elderly non-insulin-dependent T2DM patients (71 ±
4 years) in a 2 × 2 crossover design. Heart rates were almost the same during cycling
and exergaming, whereas lactate levels were significantly higher during cycling. BDNF
and VEGF levels significantly increased after cycling. This indicates that lactate plays a
crucial role in the release of BDNF and VEGF, and is more significant than a combination
of physical endurance training with cognitive tasks (such as exergaming). No other
significant changes were evident. Study 3: The aim of the third part was to investigate
whether possible correlations exist between endurance performance (which, as other
studies have shown, can also be increased by the use of exergaming training, among
others) and variables of cognitive performance as well as individual alpha peak
frequency (IAPF, neurophysiological indicator of cognitive arousal and attention state) in
elderly non-insulin-dependent T2DM patients (n=10, 60-79 years). Here, no simple
correlations were found between maximal exercise time on the endurance test with the
outcomes of the cognition tests or the iAPF. Multiple regression analyses showed no
significant joint influence of endurance capacity, age, and HbA1c level on the outcome
variables. However, it cannot be concluded that an increase in endurance performance
cannot contribute to an improvement in the outcomes, only that endurance performance
per se is not a sufficient predictor of the outcomes. Study 4: In the fourth part, a case
study described the results of 3 months of exergaming training in a 79-year-old T2DM
Summary of the doctoral thesis V
patient. The results are that the patient's body weight, long-term blood glucose (HbA1c),
and maximal oxygen uptake were significantly improved. In addition, improvement in
various cognition tests (Mini-Mental Status Test, Trail Making Test, Determination Test,
Response Inhibition Test) was observed. This demonstrated the feasibility and
effectiveness of an exergaming intervention measure
Original languageGerman
Place of PublicationKöln
PublisherDeutsche Sporthochschule Köln
Number of pages53
Publication statusPublished - 2023

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