TY - JOUR
T1 - Unravelling the Threat of Contamination in Elite Sports: Exploring Diverse Sources Impacting Adverse Analytical Findings and the Risk of Inadvertent exposure to prohibited substances.
AU - Merlo, Ana Belen Moraleda
AU - Lobigs, Louisa
AU - Piper, Thomas
AU - Champod, Christophe
AU - Robinson, Neil
PY - 2024/10/1
Y1 - 2024/10/1
N2 - In recent years, increasing concerns have emerged regarding athletes being exposed to various sources of contamination that could result in an adverse analytical finding (AAF), which is considered a positive doping test and may lead to the athlete's sanction. This review aims to examine the potential sources of contamination. Firstly, exogenous sources such as food, water, supplements, and medications will be described, along with endogenous sources, primarily arising from the athlete’s physiological condition via the biotransformation of Medications. Finally, other hypothetical contaminations arising from sample collection procedures, poor transport or storage, and laboratory conditions will be discussed. Despite some legislative efforts to regulate the production of food and supplements, contamination remains a significant concern in the context of anti-doping, necessitating athletes to stay vigilant against the risks of inadvertent uptake of illicit products. Increased knowledge of the potential sources of contamination is essential for all parties involved in the fight against doping, including athletes, support personnel, legitimate supplement product manufacturers, and the anti-doping and scientific community. Such insights can contribute to developing the most effective strategy for preventing contamination and, most importantly, reducing the risk of inadvertent AAFs.
AB - In recent years, increasing concerns have emerged regarding athletes being exposed to various sources of contamination that could result in an adverse analytical finding (AAF), which is considered a positive doping test and may lead to the athlete's sanction. This review aims to examine the potential sources of contamination. Firstly, exogenous sources such as food, water, supplements, and medications will be described, along with endogenous sources, primarily arising from the athlete’s physiological condition via the biotransformation of Medications. Finally, other hypothetical contaminations arising from sample collection procedures, poor transport or storage, and laboratory conditions will be discussed. Despite some legislative efforts to regulate the production of food and supplements, contamination remains a significant concern in the context of anti-doping, necessitating athletes to stay vigilant against the risks of inadvertent uptake of illicit products. Increased knowledge of the potential sources of contamination is essential for all parties involved in the fight against doping, including athletes, support personnel, legitimate supplement product manufacturers, and the anti-doping and scientific community. Such insights can contribute to developing the most effective strategy for preventing contamination and, most importantly, reducing the risk of inadvertent AAFs.
KW - Doping
KW - contamination
KW - athlete
KW - analysis
KW - laboratory
KW - sport
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/f0484dca-687e-300d-a32d-1f4666b46d98/
U2 - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112240
DO - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112240
M3 - Journal articles
SN - 0379-0738
VL - 365
JO - Forensic science international
JF - Forensic science international
M1 - 112240
ER -