TY - JOUR
T1 - Ischemic Preconditioning Blunts Muscle Damage Responses Induced by Eccentric Exercise
AU - Franz, Alexander
AU - Behringer, Michael
AU - Harmsen, Jan-Frieder
AU - Mayer, Constantin
AU - Krauspe, Rüdiger
AU - Zilkens, Christoph
AU - Schumann, Moritz
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - PURPOSE: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to reduce muscle damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion-injury (I/R-Injury) during surgery. Due to similarities between the pathophysiological formation of I/R-injury and eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), as characterized by an intracellular accumulation of Ca, an increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased pro-inflammatory signaling, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether IPC performed prior to eccentric exercise may also protect against EIMD.METHODS: Nineteen healthy men were matched to an eccentric only (ECC) (n=9) or eccentric proceeded by IPC group (IPC+ECC) (n=10). The exercise protocol consisted of bilateral biceps curls (3x10 repetitions at 80% of the concentric 1RM). In IPC+ECC, IPC was applied bilaterally at the upper arms by a tourniquet (200 mmHg) immediately prior to the exercise (3x5 minutes of occlusion, separated by 5 minutes of reperfusion). Creatine Kinase (CK), arm circumference, subjective pain (VAS score) and radial displacement (Tensiomyography, Dm) were assessed before IPC, pre-exercise, post-exercise, 20 minutes-, 2 hours-, 24 hours-, 48 hours- and 72 hours post-exercise.RESULTS: CK differed from baseline only in ECC at 48h (p<0.001) and 72h (p<0.001) post-exercise. After 24h, 48h and 72h, CK was increased in ECC compared to IPC+ECC (between groups: 24h: p=0.004, 48h: p<0.001, 72h: p<0.001). VAS was significantly higher in ECC at 24-72 h post-exercise, when compared to IPC+ECC (between groups: all p<0.001). Dm was decreased on all post-exercise days in ECC (all p<0.001) but remained statistically unchanged in IPC+ECC (between-groups p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that IPC performed prior to a bout of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors blunts EIMD and exercise-induced pain, while maintaining the contractile properties of the muscle.
AB - PURPOSE: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to reduce muscle damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion-injury (I/R-Injury) during surgery. Due to similarities between the pathophysiological formation of I/R-injury and eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), as characterized by an intracellular accumulation of Ca, an increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased pro-inflammatory signaling, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether IPC performed prior to eccentric exercise may also protect against EIMD.METHODS: Nineteen healthy men were matched to an eccentric only (ECC) (n=9) or eccentric proceeded by IPC group (IPC+ECC) (n=10). The exercise protocol consisted of bilateral biceps curls (3x10 repetitions at 80% of the concentric 1RM). In IPC+ECC, IPC was applied bilaterally at the upper arms by a tourniquet (200 mmHg) immediately prior to the exercise (3x5 minutes of occlusion, separated by 5 minutes of reperfusion). Creatine Kinase (CK), arm circumference, subjective pain (VAS score) and radial displacement (Tensiomyography, Dm) were assessed before IPC, pre-exercise, post-exercise, 20 minutes-, 2 hours-, 24 hours-, 48 hours- and 72 hours post-exercise.RESULTS: CK differed from baseline only in ECC at 48h (p<0.001) and 72h (p<0.001) post-exercise. After 24h, 48h and 72h, CK was increased in ECC compared to IPC+ECC (between groups: 24h: p=0.004, 48h: p<0.001, 72h: p<0.001). VAS was significantly higher in ECC at 24-72 h post-exercise, when compared to IPC+ECC (between groups: all p<0.001). Dm was decreased on all post-exercise days in ECC (all p<0.001) but remained statistically unchanged in IPC+ECC (between-groups p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that IPC performed prior to a bout of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors blunts EIMD and exercise-induced pain, while maintaining the contractile properties of the muscle.
KW - Journal Article
U2 - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001406
DO - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001406
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 28832392
SN - 0195-9131
VL - 50
SP - 109
EP - 115
JO - Medicine and science in sports and exercise
JF - Medicine and science in sports and exercise
IS - 1
ER -