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Abstract
Referees in German first-league soccer games do not award as many yellow cards in the beginning of a game as should be statistically expected. One explanation for this effect is the concept of game management (Mascarenhas, Collins, & Mortimer, 2002). Alternatively, the consistency model (Haubensak, 1992) explains the effect as a necessity of the judgment situation: Referees need to calibrate a judgment scale, and, to preserve degrees of freedom in that scale, they need to avoid extreme category judgments in the beginning (i.e., yellow cards). Experiment 1 shows that referees who judge scenes in the context of a game award fewer yellow cards than referees who see the same scenes in random order. Experiment 2 shows the combined influence of game management (by explicitly providing information about the game situation) and calibration (early vs. late scenes in the time course of a game). Theoretical implications for expert refereeing and referee training are discussed.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Journal of sport & excersise psychology |
Volume | 30 |
Issue number | 1 |
Pages (from-to) | 95-109 |
Number of pages | 15 |
ISSN | 0895-2779 |
Publication status | Published - 01.02.2008 |
Research areas and keywords
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Athletic Performance
- Conflict (Psychology)
- Decision Making
- Germany
- Humans
- Judgment
- Male
- Mental Recall
- Middle Aged
- Soccer
- Visual Perception
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Dive into the research topics of 'Game management, context effects, and calibration: the case of yellow cards in soccer: Spielleitung, Kontexteffekte und Kalibrierung: der Fall der gelben Karten im Fußball'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
- 1 Finished
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Kalibrierung
Memmert, D., Unkelbach, C., Andersson, P., Fasold, F. & Ostheimer, V.
01.01.09 → 31.12.15
Project: Funded by third parties