Motorisches Lernen im Wintersport: Studien zu Transferpotentialen in modular und saisonal übergreifend operierenden Bewegungskonzepten am Beispiel der Schneeschule

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    Abstract

    Since the turn of the century, developmentally appropriate and versatile movement concepts for children have increasingly found their way into the discussion of movement science. By exploiting a structural transfer - the similarity of movements - they aim at building a broad foundation of basic competencies across sports to promote motor learning.
    The SCHNEESCHULE by Memmert et al. (2014) is one of these movement concepts and, based on task-oriented thinking, offers versatile, cross-disciplinary movement promotion with a focus on winter sports. The year-round basic education of the SCHNEESCHULE aims to generate a broad repertoire of movement experiences in selected motor function modules through the practice of multiple roller and gliding sports in the winter, summer and transition months – i.e. also in the absence of winter sports climatic conditions – which promote motor learning for winter sports. With his "Module der Motorik" (1995), Hossner was able to give the modular approach a new status in the modern discussion on motor learning. In this context, skill performances are understood as a situationally adapted compilation of motor function modules, which in turn have a specific character and are referred to as Technikbausteine (Hossner et al., 2013), for which a finer degree of granularity is assumed than for classical movement abilities.
    The responsible mechanisms of action of the learning transfer in the modular approach are still insufficiently researched and a scientific clarification is still pending. Accordingly, the concept of the SCHNEESCHULE also lacks evidence-based validation of the methodological- didactic content that proclaims a potential learning transfer from roller and gliding sports to winter sports. This paper addresses this theory-practice gap and contributes to the movement science discourse of motor learning. The research question is articulated as a test of whether the promise of a transfer potential carried along in the concept of the SCHNEESCHULE in the TECHNICAL BASICS realises the intended transfer of basal motor function modules for the execution of seasonally overlapping rolling and gliding sports.
    Due to the lack of an appropriate diagnostic tool for the research project, the first step was to develop a sports motor test – the TB-TESTPROFIL – and to meet the upcoming demand for evaluating the usefulness of newly developed scientific data collection methods, in which Study 1 analysed the quality criterion of objectivity, Study 2 analysed the quality criterion of reliability and Study 3 examined the quality criterion of validity. Building on this, the first of the two content-relevant studies, Main Study 4 – Transfer Potentials in Summer, was dedicated to an investigation of the theoretically assumed delimitability of the five TECHNICAL MODULES centrally positioned in the exercise concept of the SCHNEESCHULE

    Abstract 150
    among each other, as well as, using one TECHNICAL MODULE as an example, whether the promise of promoting motor learning in winter sports by exploiting the transfer potential of the TECHNICAL MODULES with summer roller and gliding sports can be realised. The Main Study 5 - Application Potentials in Winter followed the question whether evaluated performances of the TECHNICAL MODULES allow statements about performances in junior ski racing and compared the determined prognosis performance with evaluated performances of motor abilities.
    The results of the processing point to an acceptable delimitability of the TECHNICAL MODULES among each other in practical application, with the restriction that according to the current state of research, the TECHNICAL MODULE KÖRPERPOSITION REGULIEREN should possibly be awarded the status of a basal foundation within the TECHNIAL BASICS. In addition, the data give rise to cautious confidence that the promise of a transfer potential included in the concept of the SCHNEESCHULE in the TECHNIAL BASICS realises the intended transfer of basal motor function modules – the TECHNICAL MODULES – for the performance of cross-seasonal roller and gliding sports and that, subject to the application of the newly developed TB-TESTPROFIL, statements can also be made about potential performance in junior ski racing.
    Despite the available data, there is still a lot of work to be done between the current theoretical assumption and a comprehensive practical validation of the concept of the SCHNEESCHULE. However, in view of the findings, the realisation of a wide range of physical activity programmes with a focus on roller and gliding sports in kindergartens, schools and clubs to provide a seasonal basic education for winter sports can be recommended without reservation.
    Original languageGerman
    Place of PublicationKöln
    PublisherDeutsche Sporthochschule Köln
    Number of pages227
    Publication statusPublished - 2021

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