Systematische Quantifizierung von Belastungsreizen und Belastungsreaktionen bei jungen Athleten im Ausdauersport

Translated title of the contribution: Systematic quantification of training and responses in young athletes in endurance sports

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    Abstract

    Introduction: The systematic quantification of training load and the related responses to exercise (in training and competition) plays an important role in competitive sport. In junior competitive sports, an increase in training load (intensity and volume) makes continuous load monitoring indispensable and extremely important in order to quantify the training load and regeneration status. Therefore, the present work aimed to quantify the training load and load reactions in young athletes as minimally invasive as possible using methods and parameters of varying complexity.

    Methods: In the studies conducted, the training load and related responses in young athletes were quantified at different complexity levels. At the first level, it was investigated whether wearables are suitable for measuring simple parameters such as the number of steps, distance and energy expenditure during different continuous or alternating running velocities. At the second level, various biomarkers (creatine kinase [CK], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], bilirubin [Bil], blood urea nitrogen [BUN], total protein [TP], albumin [Alb]) were recorded from capillary blood during a 7-day training camp using point-of-care testing. At the third level, stress and metabolic parameters (cortisol, alpha-amlyase, testosterone) from saliva as well as vascular regulating microRNAs (miR-16, -21, -126) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA from capillary blood were investigated as an acute exercise responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-volume training (HVT) using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Polymerase chain reaction.

    Results: The validation study showed that the wearables investigated currently only provided good validity for the number of steps. In the training camp, it was shown that certain muscular (CK) and metabolic (BUN, BIL) biomarkers react in a load-dependent manner in young athletes, however, the performance tests did not show a fatigued state. The acute study showed a significantly higher short-term increase in stress and metabolic parameters after HIIT compared to HVT, but these differences were no longer detectable 180 min after exercise termination. The vascular regulating miRNAs showed a significant increase only during and after HVT and not after HIIT. The VEGF mRNA was significantly increased both during and after HIIT and HVT.

    Discussion: The wearables studied are currently only of limited use for quantifying external training load, as most devices only have good validity for step count and not for distance and energy expenditure. Muscular and metabolic biomarkers seem to react in a load-dependent manner even in young athletes and could be used in the future to record internal training load in addition to subjective parameters due to their low invasiveness. For the use of HIIT and HVT as training regimes, the following can be stated based on the results of the acute study. Despite greater metabolic and cardiorespiratory stress during HIIT, HIIT can be used without hesitation due to the only short-term increase in stress and metabolic parameters. Based on the results of vascular regulating miRNAs and VEGF mRNA, both forms of training appear to be a sufficient stimulus for angiogenesis and should therefore also be used as important stimuli and training methods in young athletes.

    Translated title of the contributionSystematic quantification of training and responses in young athletes in endurance sports
    Original languageGerman
    Place of PublicationKöln
    PublisherDeutsche Sporthochschule Köln
    Number of pages64
    Publication statusPublished - 2021

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